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People Patterns: A Modern Guide to the Four Temperaments by Stephen Montgomery is an in depth explanation of the four temperaments – Guardian, Artisan, Rationals & Idealists – as described in the results of the Myers Briggs personality test.

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History of the Myers Briggs Personality Test

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Advocates of the test have found that the Myers Briggs personality test meets or exceeds the reliability of other psychological tests. For 75–90% adults, though not children, the MBTI is reported to give the same result for 3 out of 4 preferences when the test is administered to the same person more than once.

These dominant preferences were extrapolated from the archetype and typological theories originated by Carl Gustav Jung, as published in his 1921 book Psychological Types. Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Myers Briggs personality test. They began creating the questionnaire for the Myers Briggs personality test during World War II, to help women entering the industrial workforce for the first time to identify the sort of war-time jobs where they would be “most comfortable and effective.”

Their initial test questionnaire grew into MBTI or the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which was first published in 1962. The MBTI focuses on a normal mix of populations and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. The definitive published source of reference for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is The Manual produced by CPP. The registered trademark rights to the terms Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and MBTI have been assigned from CPP, Inc., to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Trust.

Free Myers Briggs test and evaluation

Myers and Briggs distinguished 16 psychological types and devised a test questionaire, commonly called the Myers-Briggs personality test, properly called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), for sorting people psychologically into these types. The test asks a range of questions requiring yes and no answers.

You can do a  free Myers Briggs test and evaluation at the humanmetrics website.

A related test, with an original questionaire, is published in David Keirsey‘s book Please Understand Me II.

You can pay for advanced analysis reports after doing David Keirsey’s unique version of the Myers-Briggs personality test online at Keirseys website.

When your test is scored you’ll have a 4 letter description of your main psychological type with an indication of the strength for each quality.

The four main personality types are divided into four more specific types described below.

Both the above websites give basic descriptions of what the personality types are and explanations of the key words they use to describe them.

Myers Briggs Personality Test Descriptions

The 4 main types are red and the 16 Types Are in Bold. The percentage is the average population who score into the 4 main types.

40 to 45% are Guardians (SJ): Concrete Co-operators
Administrators - Supervisors (ESTJ) and Inspectors (ISTJ)
Conservators – Providers (ESFJ) and Protectors (ISFJ)

15 to 20% are Idealists (NF): Abstract Co-operators
Mentors – Teachers (ENFJ) and Counsellors (INFJ)
Advocates – Champions (ENFP) and Healers (INFP)

30 to 35% are Artisans (SP): Concrete Utilitarians
Operators – Promoters (ESTP) and Crafters (ISTP)
Entertainers – Performers (ESFP) and Composers (ISFP)

5 to 10% are Rationals (NT): Abstract Utilitarians
Co-ordinators – Field Marshalls (ENTJ) and Masterminds (INTJ)
Engineers – Inventors (ENTP) and Architects (INTP)

The personality type names are key words that indicate a great deal about possible work choices and how people approach life and relationships. The lettering used to indicate the 16 groups is derived from other key words described below.

Attitudes: E=Extroversion I=Introversion.
Simple enough social indicator of how comfortable people are with other people – Extrovert v Introvert.

Functions: S=Sensing N=Intuition T=Thinking F=Feeling
In simple terms (as I use them here on my site): The equivalent of Sensing is BODY, dominant in your perception are the 5 senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Intuition is SOUL, esp, a sixth sense, an instinct, an empathy, a faith – all abstract concepts so hard to define. Thinking of course is MIND, a combination of analysis and knowledge to reach conclusions. Feeling is EMOTION, people who dominantly make decisions due to their emotional feelings about things.

Lifestyle: J=Judgement P=Perception
I guess I’d probably describe this as a decision compass. The Judgemental have more fixed ideas and know exactly where their North is, while the Perceptive are more fluid having a better idea of where all directions are coming from.

Concrete v Abstract , Co-operator v Utilitarain indicate an operation style. If you accept what you see is real, you are Concrete: if you let the mind fly into theory you are Abstract. If you go along with other people’s opinions you Co-operate, if you prefer what works over what other people think, you are Utilitarian.

The Myers Briggs personality test or type indicator is frequently used in the areas of pedagogy, career counselling, team building, group dynamics, professional development, marketing, leadership training, executive coaching, life coaching, personal development, marriage counselling, and workers’ compensation claims.

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